Through the use of stabilization and solidification technologies, contaminants are chemically immobilized, reducing their mobility and leachability. This method is particularly effective for heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and industrial waste residues. Solidification physically locks pollutants into a solid, stable mass, while stabilization chemically bonds contaminants to the soil matrix or converts them into less soluble forms. This process can be done in situ (in place) or ex situ (after excavation), making the treated soil safer to handle and potentially reusable.